The world of the unknown - Onua.org

Why the starry sky as if spinning and why polar star almost motionless? It turns out that the reason for this apparent motion of the stars is in the rotation of the Earth. Just as man, swirling around the room, it seems like the whole room is spinning around it, and we are located on the rotating Earth, we see, as if moving stars.

A star is born lasts millions of years, and is hidden from us in the depths of dark clouds, so the process is virtually inaccessible to direct observation. Astrophysicists are trying to explore it in theory, with the help of computer simulation. Turning a fragment of clouds in the star accompanied by gigantic change in the physical conditions: the temperature of the substance increases by approximately 106 times, and the density - 1020 times. Tremendous changes all the characteristics of the emerging stars are the main difficulty theoretical consideration of its evolution. At the stage of such changes, the original object is not a cloud, but not a star. Therefore, it is called a protostar (from the Greek. "protos" - "first").

Stars whose mass is 1.5-3 times more than the Sun will not be able in the end to stop his grip on the stage of the white dwarf. Powerful gravitational force will shrink them to the density at which happens "neutralization" substances: interaction of electrons and protons will lead to the fact that almost all mass stars will be enclosed in a neutron. Formed neutron star. The most massive stars can contact neutron, after they explode as supernovae.

Molecular clouds, these "factory of stars", produce the stars of various types. The mass range of newborn stars extends from a few hundredths to 100 Solar masses, with little stars formed much more frequently than larger ones. On average in the Galaxy are born annually about a dozen stars with a total mass of about five Solar masses.

Even Herschel discovered on the background of the milky Way dark failures, which he called "holes in heaven". At the end of the XIX century on Litskai Observatory (USA) astronomer Edward Bar-backgammon began systematic sky photography. By 1913 he found about 200 dark nebulae. In his opinion, they were clouds absorbing light matter, and not the spaces between the stars, as did Herschel.

Stars of the greater mass of end their life otherwise. Helium nucleus of such stars, compressed, heated. It begins synthesis of carbon, forming carbon core. It also shrinks begins, the larger heating, synthesis of oxygen, etc. In the end, the star begins to resemble a bulb in the middle of which, at the last stage of the chain reactions Matures iron-Nickel core, in which no reaction to go can't do it anymore, that is formed white dwarf.

How are stars such as the Sun? What are the fundamental processes responsible for what dark diffuse interstellar cloud composed of gas and dust, it becomes much more dense luminous object? Astronomers from the United States and the European southern Observatory has made an important step on the way to understanding this fundamental question of astronomy. They undertook a detailed examination of the inner structure of small interstellar cloud known as Barnard 68 (B68).

After "burnout" thermonuclear fuel in the star, the mass of which is comparable to the mass of the Sun, in the Central part of the kernel density of matter becomes so high that gas properties change drastically. This gas is called degenerate, and the stars, he composed, - degenerate stars.

Looking at the starry sky, you can see that stars differ in their brightness, or as they say astronomers, in its apparent brightness.

White dwarfs is one of the most fascinating topics in the history of astronomy: were first opened the heavenly bodies possessing properties that are very far from those with whom we deal in terrestrial conditions. And, in all probability, the resolution of the mysteries of white dwarfs started to research the mysterious nature of the substance, hidden away somewhere in different parts of the Universe.

A couple billion years ago, the speed of light was less than now. In the cosmic sense, yesterday. They speak about this new calculations of scientists. If they are confirmed, Einstein's theory will be torpedoed, and most of the "buildings physics" will require major rework.

Elaborated the theory of the origin and evolution of galaxies yet. However, the basic idea of this process appear more distinct.

The universe may include a huge number of galaxies that have very few stars. They consist of dark matter. Ultimately these galaxies can be much more than ordinary galaxies with bright stars and gas, and the ratio between them can be 100 to 1. This prediction was made by the astronomers Neil Trentham, Ole Moller and Enrico Ramirez-Ruiz of the University of Cambridge. Their paper will be published in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.

Spiral galaxies are flattened stellar systems with Central nearly spherical nucleus, have two or more frequently ragged spiral branches. In spiral branches of the galaxy are concentrated their brightest young stars, glowing nebula (regions of ionized hydrogen), young clusters and associations of stars. That is why the spiral pattern is clearly seen in very remote galaxies, although the share of spiral branches represent no more than a few percent of the total mass of each galaxy. The bulk of the stars of the S-galaxies form "solid" drive. Part of the galactic nucleus consists of stars and gas. At the core lies about hundredth of a whole mass of the galaxy. Some galaxies primary energy release occurs in the nucleus. C. A. Ambartsumyan called this phenomenon activity of galactic nuclei.

An international team of astronomers has discovered the most massive of all known galaxies. For observation tool was used, when ISAAC famous telescope (Very Large Telescope Paranal Observatory (Paranal Observatory).