The world of the unknown - Onua.org

White dwarfs is one of the most fascinating topics in the history of astronomy: were first opened the heavenly bodies possessing properties that are very far from those with whom we deal in terrestrial conditions. And, in all probability, the resolution of the mysteries of white dwarfs started to research the mysterious nature of the substance, hidden away somewhere in different parts of the Universe.

A couple billion years ago, the speed of light was less than now. In the cosmic sense, yesterday. They speak about this new calculations of scientists. If they are confirmed, Einstein's theory will be torpedoed, and most of the "buildings physics" will require major rework.

Elaborated the theory of the origin and evolution of galaxies yet. However, the basic idea of this process appear more distinct.

The universe may include a huge number of galaxies that have very few stars. They consist of dark matter. Ultimately these galaxies can be much more than ordinary galaxies with bright stars and gas, and the ratio between them can be 100 to 1. This prediction was made by the astronomers Neil Trentham, Ole Moller and Enrico Ramirez-Ruiz of the University of Cambridge. Their paper will be published in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.

Spiral galaxies are flattened stellar systems with Central nearly spherical nucleus, have two or more frequently ragged spiral branches. In spiral branches of the galaxy are concentrated their brightest young stars, glowing nebula (regions of ionized hydrogen), young clusters and associations of stars. That is why the spiral pattern is clearly seen in very remote galaxies, although the share of spiral branches represent no more than a few percent of the total mass of each galaxy. The bulk of the stars of the S-galaxies form "solid" drive. Part of the galactic nucleus consists of stars and gas. At the core lies about hundredth of a whole mass of the galaxy. Some galaxies primary energy release occurs in the nucleus. C. A. Ambartsumyan called this phenomenon activity of galactic nuclei.

An international team of astronomers has discovered the most massive of all known galaxies. For observation tool was used, when ISAAC famous telescope (Very Large Telescope Paranal Observatory (Paranal Observatory).

Even the most General observations of the sky can be concluded that the Sun is among the many stars, the greatest number of which are located in the direction of the milky Way. Apart from its bright band of stars much less. Stars of the milky Way and visible separately form a single star system.

Basic information about the galaxies gathered in multiple directories. The first galactic directory was created in 1784 Charles Messier and P. Masinam. It includes 108 nebulae, which the authors nazvali motionless, not to be confused with comets moving. Objects included in the Messier catalogue, denoted by the letter M with a serial number. So, for example, M31 designation of the Andromeda nebula. Currently widely used "New General catalogue" Dreyer (its first part was published in 1888), it included about 13,000 objects. Galaxy M31 in the directory Dreyer designated NGC 224. In the late 60's. our century were created "Morphological catalog of galaxies" (group B. A. Vorontsov-Velyaminov) and "the Second bibliographic catalogue of bright galaxies" (group Gokudera). These directories contain tens of thousands of objects.

When autumn evenings get darker in the sky is visible wide shimmering band. This milky Way - a giant arch spanning the entire sky. "The heavenly river" is called the milky Way in Chinese tales. The ancient Greeks and the Romans called it "Heavenly road". The telescope gave the opportunity to clarify the nature of the milky Way. It is the radiance of the innumerable stars are so distant from us that they individually impossible to distinguish with the naked eye.

Galaxies are huge star systems that contain from several millions to hundreds of billions of stars. In addition to stars in the composition of galaxies are the interstellar gas of interstellar dust, cosmic rays. The amount of gas in galaxies mass substantially less than the stars and different from galaxies of various types. Number of other types of substances still substantially less than gas.

To this conclusion came the American astronomer Edwin Hubble, which repeated the experiments predecessors on a much more extensive observational material. In 1929 he said that not only established systematic red shift of spectral lines of galaxies, but also defined the law on which the speed of removal of galaxies from us increase as the distance increases. Thus it was proved that in the world of galaxies there is a Gulf stream, which carries them on outer space.

Every cubic centimeter of space contains about 500 photons. Substances on the same volume accounted for a much lower: about 10'6 baryons (the so-called heavy elementary particles, including the protons and neutrons). Since photons don't disappear (the space between galaxies is transparent), the ratio of photons to the number of baryons in the course of expansion of the Universe is preserved. But the energy of the photons decreases over time because of the red shift.

The spectacle of the starry night sky filled with stars, mesmerize any man whose soul is not lazy and not dry completely. The mysterious depths of Eternity opens in front of the startled human eye, causing thinking about the original, where it all started...

During the formation of the Sun conditions in protoplanetary disk were not, of course, the same at different distances from the Sun and have changed over time. The matter remained cold just away from the Sun. Near him was strongly heated and dust suffered complete or partial evaporation. Only later, when the gas is cooled down, she condense again, but most volatile substances contained in interstellar dust appeared to be lost in the new dust is not already included. The evolution of the protoplanetary disk led to the formation in it of planetesimals, which later grew planet. The composition of planetesimals formed at different heliocentric distances, due to the different composition of dust, gone to their building, was different.

Asteroids are so small that the force of gravity on them void. She was not able to give them a shape of a ball, what makes planets and their large satellites, crushing and stamping their substance. A great role is played by the phenomenon of fluidity. High mountains on the Earth at the foot of the "creeping", because the strength of the rocks is insufficient to withstand many tons per 1 cm3,and stone, not fractions, not raskalyvanii, flows, albeit very slowly.