Recent research astronomers refuted the popular idea of the galaxies as an immutable and extremely stable structures. It turns out that they are constantly changing, struggling with entropy, and thus they themselves bring it within yourself. It lasts at least the last 8 billion years. Previously, scientists simply "otbrakovyvanie" variable of the galaxy.

The closest to us galaxy since ancient times people see the naked, but a keen eye as a faint vague spot. She went into the directory Monsieur called M31, in the new galactic directory NGC 224, and the most ancient description dated 946 year is the directory of fixed stars Persian astronomer antiquity As-Sufi! The first telescopic observation of this object made the German astronomer S. Marius in 1512, and continued his Century Herschel already in 1785, when I first saw the reddish area in the center of the bright spots. Now it is called the core of the galaxy.

In 1864, on the spectrum of M31 researcher U. Huggins made absolutely correct conclusion that it is not similar to the spectra of nebulae, and belongs to many of the stars that make up the object is M 31. We now know that there is about a trillion! First "picture" the Andromeda nebula got I. Roberts in 1887, he saw the spiral structure of the object, but flight of fancy was not proportionate to the greatness of the galaxy M31: the researcher suggested that it is formed in the likeness of the Solar system!

Now that great galaxy there are a lot of interesting. Features details on its core, surrounded by bright stellar disk of the black hole in the galactic center of spiral branches and globular clusters of stars, supernova SN A, on strengthening the x-ray glow in the XXI century, and that in 3-4 billion years, it will collide with our Galaxy - during the life of our Sun.

In our time observations of galaxies have become much more sophisticated mission to space-based carry out studies of large-scale and very sophisticated methods. Although the timing of modern observations is the end of the XX and the beginning of the XXI century, but the modern data immediately brought down persistent scientific myth immutable structure of galactic formations, sustained over the universe billions of years. Awareness of the huge scale of these objects in his time, gave rise to a strong belief that they are a stable and long. Now, however, the experimental information, give a different direction thoughts of scientists about the nature of the galactic transformations!

The staff of the Center of space flights of the name Goddard, the largest laboratory NASA, formulated conclusions are as follows. Says cosmologist Susan Kassin: "Astronomers thought discoid galaxy close to us regions of the Universe took on its present form about 8 billion years ago and then almost not changed it. The trend that we saw during the present study shows the opposite: the galaxy constantly and steadily changed during this period". Thus, the galaxy variable and the dynamics of their transformations of almost continuous. It is in this sense a paradigm shift in understanding about the properties of the largest entities in the Universe, i.e. galaxies.

It should be noted that all galaxies were typed, that is sorted according to the features. Define them as elliptical, spiral, and irregular, lenticular (discoid), and subclass types. In discoid galaxies are expressed explicitly processes of star formation, that is typical of the milky way and Andromeda. They have clearly expressed the kernel, which concentrated a significant part of the mass, and around itself rotates discoid structure of the periphery of the galaxy in which visible spiral "sleeve".

Apparently, in the early phase structure of the Universe, it was not so: the stars have not turned around the center, as our Sun, which is now methodically goes around the center of the milky way. The lights then flew along arbitrary trajectories, and galactic rotational angular momentum has emerged over time. Then the movement of the stars took one direction and was ordered rotational. Scientists believe that this happened settlement much later than it was supposed earlier.

The mass of a galaxy played a major role in what is happening: the more she was, the faster galaxy evolved, becoming ordered rotating discoid structure. The most massive of them at an early age 6-7 billion years formed the disk peripherals, regularly rotating around a Central core. Over time, the speed of the peripheral regions of galaxies grew, and then homogenization of boundary components: decreased number of disordered structures, and the movement of stars and gas clouds managed, subject to the General trend.

Astronomers found the explanation of the existing opinion about ordering structures of galaxies for the time period of about 8 billion years ago. This refers to the galaxy having a redshift, equal to z = 1. In the study of the morphology of these objects penalized, and threw away all those galaxies as they did not show ordering - they were considered atypical exceptions. Interestingly, there sometimes can be even more than objects, the relevant rules. Artificial selection "right" galaxies showed the order of the drives already at z = 1 and led to false conclusions about stability. As for dynamic variations answered galaxiesexceptions", which were culled for the outside.

Excluding such filtering galactic objects, the scientists examined the motion of the stars in 544 galaxies project Deep Extragalactic Evolutionary Probe 2 (DEEP2) Galaxy Redshift Survey using space telescope "Hubblend double, 10-meter ground-based telescope, the Keck Observatory, located in Hawaii. It was revealed, that not only 8 billion years ago, but even 2 billion years ago galaxy continued the process of the formation of ordered CDs with their rotation around of nucleus.

It is likely that these results are applicable in General, and this may mean that our Galaxy had a similar history of formation. It can be assumed that the milky way is in the initial phase of formation had partly chaotic motion initial stellar population, and then after the events of the merger, significantly increase the mass of our Galaxy, it gradually formed above regularization movement peripheral part of the stars. The increase in the mass of the Galaxy is manifested in the establishment of order in the rotational motion of the periphery around the galactic center.